Kant’s Foundations of Ethics

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These works articulate the most fundamental principles of Kant’s ethical and political world-view. What is Enlightenment? (1784) and Fundamental Principles of the Metaphysics of Morals (1785) challenge all free people to think about the requirements for self-determination both in our individual lives and in our public and private institutions.

Kant’s Fundamental Principles of the Metaphysics of Morals is dedicated to the proposition that all people can know what they need to know to be honest, good, wise, and virtuous. The purpose of Kant’s moral philosophy is to help us become aware of the principles that are already contained within us. Innocence and dependence must be replaced with wisdom and good will if we are to avoid being vulnerable and misguided. According to Kant, freedom of thought leads naturally to freedom of action. When that happens, governments begin to treat human beings, not as machines, but as persons with dignity.

Immanuel Kant begins Toward Lasting Peace by contrasting the realism of practical politicians with the high-minded theories of philosophers who dream their sweet dreams. His opening line provides a grim reminder that the only alternative to finding a way to avoid the war of each against all is the lasting peace of the graveyard. The advent of total war and the development of nuclear weapons in
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